标签： 论文代写推荐

美国论文代写：连锁超市竞争

有什么问题？
交易者Joe正面临的问题与其业务模式，扩张战略和行业竞争加剧有关。交易者Joe正面临的各种问题如下所述：
模仿其商业模式：受到Traer Joe’s成功故事的启发，许多其他公司适应了Trader Joe’s的商业模式。这些模仿者中最值得注意的是全球第三大连锁超市Tesco开设的’Fresh＆Easy’商店。交易者乔的模仿降低了交易者乔的商业模式的独特性。它进一步减少了Trader Joe’s的目标客户群。随着越来越多的模仿商店在全国范围内开放，这个问题可能会对Trader Joe’s产生重大负面影响。

美国论文代写：连锁超市竞争
交易商Joe’s的扩张：为了真正与行业内的主要市场公司竞争，该公司需要在全国范围内开设店铺。如此大规模的扩张需要有效的战略规划，货币投资和人力资源以及培训资源。由于交易商乔的商店有一个与他们相关的独特主题，甚至员工也遵循不同的和更友好的礼仪，因此根据交易人乔的标准培训新的人力资源非常重要。
产品利润率：与大多数其他中级连锁超市一样，Trader Joe’s正面临产品定价中保证金比例问题。由于行业内竞争激烈，超市连锁店被困在Whole Food等优质公司和提供“极端折扣”的公司之间。这个问题越来越深，因为交易者Joe的成功部分归功于其员工的高工资和对他们的健康处理，这为Trader Joe’s带来了独特而迷人的购物体验。

美国论文代写：连锁超市竞争

What are the issues?
The issues Trader Joe’s is facing relate to its business model, expansion strategy and increased competition in the industry. The various issues Trader Joe’s is facing are described below:
Imitation of its business model: After being inspired from the success story of Traer Joe’s, many other companies adapted to the business model of Trader Joe’s. Most notably effort among the imitators is the ‘Fresh & Easy’ stores opened by world’s third largest supermarket chain, Tesco. The imitation of Trader Joe’s reduces the uniqueness of the business model of Trader Joe’s. It further reduces the target customer base of Trader Joe’s. With more imitating stores opening country wide, the issue is likely to have a significant negative impact on Trader Joe’s.

美国论文代写：连锁超市竞争
Expansion of Trader Joe’s: In order to really compete with the major market companies in the industry, the company needs to launch its stores nationwide. Such a large expansion would require effective strategic planning, monetary investment and human resources, as well as training resources. As the Trader Joe’s stores have a unique theme associated with them, and even the employees follow a different and friendlier etiquette, it is important to train the new human resources as per the standards of Trader Joe’s.
Product profit margin: Like most other mid-level supermarket chain, Trader Joe’s is facing the issue of margin share in product pricing. Due to the extreme competition in the industry, the supermarket chain is stuck in between the premium companies like Whole Food and the companies that offer “extreme discounts” lie Dollar General. This issue grows deeper as Trader Joe’s gives the credit for its success partly to the high wages of its employees and healthy treatment of them, which brings the uniqueness and charm in shopping experience at Trader Joe’s.

美国论文代写：电子商务

消费者的利益
互联网是消费者根据自己的愿望和偏好购买任何组织的产品的最佳选择。这是两家公司生产的产品之间比较的简单方法。而不是去零售店，并参与所有的采购活动，这是最好的，最好的，它是一个节省时间。

美国论文代写：电子商务
客户行为 – 在线
在过去十年中，电子商务的主要研究主题是公司与消费者之间的业务交互。互联网对消费者的购买风格产生了很大的影响。他们采用在线业务互动作为对比，因为消费者获得的关于产品和公司网站详细信息的信息已经足够。
根据麦肯锡和该公司的说法，一个消费者有一个不同的旅程，其中涉及对消费者决策的影响。麦肯锡的模式有四个阶段。这些是消费者的考虑，评估，购买时间和购买后（法院等，2009年）。它描述了消费者购买之前首先考虑的是公司的品牌名称。在购买新产品时，消费者寻找现有品牌和新品牌。在评估步骤中，消费者对新旧公司生产的产品进行比较。要购买他坚持在一家公司的产品，并购买。在购买后，他就产品，公司服务等问题给予了他的反馈和意见（Court等人，2009）。

美国论文代写：电子商务

Consumers Benefits
Internet is the best option for the consumers for buying any product of any organization as per their desires and preferences. It is the easy way of making comparisons in between the products produced by the two companies. Instead of going at retail shop and involves in all purchasing activities it is better and convenient best of all it is a time saver.

美国论文代写：电子商务
Customer behavior- Online
During the past decade, the main research topic of the e-commerce was business interaction between the company and the consumers. The internet left the great impact on the purchasing style of the consumer. They have adopted the online business interactions as compares to others because consumers get more than sufficient information about the products and company’s detail on their websites.
According to the McKinsey and the company, a consumer has a different journey that involves the variant steps those effects on the decisions of the consumers. The model of McKinsey has four stages. These are consumer consideration, evaluation, time of purchase and post the purchase (Court, et al., 2009). It describes that the first consideration in the consumer mind before purchasing is the company Brand name. At the time of purchasing new product consumers looks for existing as well as new brands. In the evaluation step, the consumer makes the comparison in the products produced by the new and existing companies. To purchase the product he sticks on one company and do the purchase. In the post purchase he gives his feedback and opinion about the product, company service etc (Court,et al., 2009).

美国论文代写：全球化进程

在1800年代中期至20世纪20年代中期之间发生的全球化进程，以及1989年柏林墙倒塌所带来的全球化进程，与托马斯·弗里德曼（Thomas Friedman）所描绘的环境相联系，他将全球化定义为无情的整合的技术，市场，国家和国家，以前从未见过的一点（弗里德曼和弗里德曼，1980：12-19）。全球化是人口，企业和民族国家能够以比以往任何时候都更快，更深入的方式遍布世界的媒介，同时也是一种更便宜的方式（Chan，2014：33-47）。它进一步帮助人们在没有任何障碍的情况下深入，深入地球的不同角落。

美国论文代写：全球化进程
全球化发生在两个阶段，一个是世界大战，另一个叫做全球化II。全球化的第一个标志始于19世纪中叶，一直持续到20世纪20年代，与全球化的第二阶段有许多相似之处和许多不同（Boyer，2004：19-27）。第二次世界大战结束与1989年柏林墙的失败之间的时代，就是当时所谓的全球化I时期与冷战时期的冲突。
全球化历史分为三个时期，即全球化1，全球化2和全球化3，第一阶段在1492年到1800年之间，第二阶段在1800年到2000年之间，第三阶段是在2000（Cable，1995：305）。全球化的起源是一个不断争论的话题。有的学者把全球化时代视为起源于现代，有的则认为这是一个漫长而深刻的历史。一些作家和学者认为，如果说全球化已经深入历史，就会呈现出全球化的概念，使其无法用于分析。

美国论文代写：全球化进程

The process of globalization that has occurred between the mid 1800 century and the 1920s and the most recent one that was marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 has a link amongst it that is drawn by Thomas Friedman who defines globalisation as the relentless integration of technologies, markets, nations and states to a point that has never been seen previously (Friedman & Friedman, 1980:12-19). Globalisation is a medium through which the population, corporation and nation-states are enabled to traverse the world around in a faster and deeper manner than ever before and nonetheless a cheaper manner as well (Chan, 2014:33-47). It further helps one to delve deep and far into different corners of the globe without any barriers.

美国论文代写：全球化进程
Globalisation has occurred in two phases, one marked by the World Wars and the other that may be called as Globalization II. The first mark of globalization began in mid-1800s and went on till 1920s and has many similarities and many differences with the second phase of globalisation (Boyer, 2004:19-27). The era between the end of the Second World War and the Berlin Wall’s failure in 1989 is characterised by the conflict in the period between the Globalisation I period and the period the Cold War, as it was termed at that time.
The history of globalisation has been divided into three periods, namely Globalisation 1, Globalisation 2 and Globalisation 3. While the first period falls between 1492 and 1800, the second is between 1800 and 2000 and the third is the on-going phase that commenced in 2000 (Cable, 1995:305). The origin of globalisation is a topic of constant debate. Certain scholars place the globalisation era as having origins in the modern era while some others consider it as a long and deep history. Some of the writers and scholars have argued that if globalisation has been marked far into the history, it renders the very concept of globalisation and makes it useless for analysis.

美国论文代写：多元文化学习

多元文化及其对年轻学习者的好处
今天的年轻学习者将转变为明天的生产力劳动力，只有当青年学习者通过多元文化获得有效的公民意识和生产性工作的好处，才能实现这一目标，因为与多种语言和交流模式的有效互动是必不可少的跨越文化社区和国界（Boonaert，2011）。所有这些论点清楚地表明了多元文化的重要性，它为年轻的学习者提供了各种形式的媒体的巨大曝光，帮助他们更好地理解全球世界的做法，传统和规范。这将有助于未来雇员的年轻学习者有能力轻松地适应其他社会环境和未来可能工作的不同人员（Andreatos，2007）。如果学习者否认多元文化，他们实际上否认了解其他国家的生活和工作模式的机会。
多元文化教学法有助于教育工作者有效地处理现代课堂中的年轻学习者与不同文化和社会背景的学习者。通过多元文化技术，教育者有效地认识和评估不同学习者的独特的文化，社会和智力水平（Jewitt，2008）。通过多文化学习，通过技术与传统教学形式的融合，为学生提供先进的学习技巧。多文化有助于评估超文本素养，有助于培养年轻的学习者应对世界真正的全球化平台的复杂性，这就要求个人必须能够在不同的平台上以多学科的方式表达自己。多文化教室在数字化工作世界的某些方面很容易相媲美。多文化课堂的主要好处之一是他们能够对学习者进行真实的评估。

美国论文代写：多元文化学习

Multi-literacies and its benefits for the young learners

Today’s young learners will transform into the productive workforce of tomorrow and that can only be possible if the young learners are taught through multi-literacy about benefits of effective citizenship and productive work for which an effective interaction with multiple languages and communication patterns is essential due to cross cultural communities and national boundaries (Boonaert, 2011). All these arguments clearly shows the importance of multi-literacy that provides the young learners with immense exposure towards various forms of media that will help them in gaining better understanding of the practices, traditions and norms of the global world. It will help the young learners who are future employees with an ability to easily adapt to other social environments and the diverse people with whom they might work in future (Andreatos, 2007). If learners deny the multi-literacy they are in fact denying the opportunities of learning about the life and working patterns in other countries.
The pedagogy of multi-literacy helps the educators in dealing effectively with young learners in modern classrooms with learners of different cultural and social backgrounds. Through multi-literacy techniques the educator effectively recognizes and evaluates the unique cultural, social and intellectual literacy levels of various learners (Jewitt, 2008). Through multi-literacy learns are provided with advanced learning techniques through integration of technology with traditional teaching forms. Multi-literacy helps in valuing the extra-textual literacy and it helps in preparing the young learners to deal with the complexities of the real globalized platform of world which demands that the individuals must be able to express themselves in multidisciplinary ways on varied platforms. Multi-literacy classrooms are easily comparable within certain aspects of digital work world. One of the major benefits of multi-literacy classroom is that they are capable of making authentic assessments of learners.

美国论文代写：广告费

广告费用，车位，员工数量和交易时间的数量对销售额进行了倒退，以检查哪些因素对销售影响最大，以及是否可以做任何事情以使销售额增加。
Adverting费用的系数达到0.0379，其t值近似等于10，且p值接近于零。这表明广告费用在统计上是显着的，因此影响了销售数量。
车位系数是0.088。其p值为0.46，即使在10％时也不具有统计意义，因此车位似乎不会影响特定商店的销售。
员工人数值为0.0577，其p值为0.0188。因此可以看出，这个变量在1％的水平上是显着的。
最后交易时间的数值为-0.0025，p值为0.7635。因此，这个价值没有统计上的显着性，但它往往会以负面的方式影响销售，因此公司应该研究它。
因此，只有数量的员工和广告人员似乎影响销售，公司需要从增加的员工或广告费中看到边际收益。公司需要检查增加员工的成本是否证明收入增加，而不是单独考虑销售额。
因此，对所有商店的毛利进行了完整的分析。对商店成本进行更全面的分析有助于为公司做出司法裁决。

美国论文代写：广告费

Sales has been regressed against Advertising expense, Car spaces, number of staff and the number of trading hours to check which of the factors have the most effect on sales and if anything can be done so that the sales increases.
The coefficient for the Adverting expense comes to 0.0379 and its t value is approximately equal to 10 and it p value is close to zero. This indicates that advertising expense is statistically significant and hence affects the sale numbers.
Car spaces coefficient is 0.088. Its p value is 0.46 which indicates that it is not statistically significant even at 10% and hence the car spaces don’t seem to affect the sales at a particular store.
Number of staff value is 0.0577 and its p value is 0.0188. Thus it can be seen that the variable is significant at 1% level.
Lastly number of trading hours value is -0.0025 and its p value is 0.7635. Thus the value is not statistically significant but it tends to affect the sales in a negative manner and hence the firm should look into it.
Thus only number of staff and the advertising staff seems to affect the sales and the firm need to see the marginal revenue from the increasing staff or advertising expense. Firm needs to check whether the cost of additional staff justifies the increase in revenue and not look at the sales on a standalone basis.
Thus a complete analysis of the gross profit of all the stores has been done. A more comprehensive analysis on the cost of the stores can help to make judicial decisions for the firm.

美国论文代写：资本主义模式

许多经济学家和研究人员发现，很难把中国实行的经济模式联系起来。然而，一些特征和证据清楚地指向了威权资本主义经济模式。中国的政治制度和社会模式是这样的，政府干预是必要的。最重要的是，政府干预是由公司充分利用，作为回报，国家确保通过国有控股公司履行其议程。在自由市场民主的经济结构中，威权主义资本主义是不可能的。另一方面，中国共产党的权力不仅使国家对事物的控制得到了妥善的控制，而且使中国的国际形象在国际上出现了一个新的高度。
威权资本主义模式中的政府就是这样，它可以轻松地按照意愿推动对外关系和战略投资。目前，中国的投资主要集中在战略伙伴国家，如泰国（邻国），南非（作为金砖国家的一员）。这些投资对于未来的回报以及更好的外交政策杠杆都很重要。鼓励中国大陆公司（包括民营和上市公司）在战略目的地投资，政府控制的国有银行为这些努力提供必要的资金支持。因此，中国巨头很容易在某些市场定价欧美竞争对手。但是，在一个自由民主的公开市场上，政府和资本市场是不可能齐头并进的。例如，美国的奥巴马政府不能强迫美国公司投资东南亚战略市场，除非公司看到它的价值。

美国论文代写：资本主义模式

Many economists and researchers have found that it is difficult to relate a particular model of economy that has been practised by China. However, a number of characteristics and evidence clearly point towards authoritarian capitalism model of economy. The Chinese political system and social patterns are such that the government intervention is required in one way or the other. Most importantly, the government intervention is utilised to the fullest by the companies and in return the state makes sure to fulfil its agendas through the state controlled companies. Authoritarian capitalism is not possible in a free market democratic economic structure. On the other hand, the power of the Chinese Communist regime has not only given the state an uncompromised control over things, but also it has emerged the Chinese power image at the international level to a new height.
The government in the authoritarian capitalism model is such that it can push its foreign relations and strategic investments with ease and according to its will. Presently, the Chinese investments are focussed more on strategic partner countries such as Thailand (being the neighbouring nation), South Africa (as a member of the BRICS). These investments are important both in terms of future return and in having better foreign policy leverage. Major Chinese companies (both private and publicly listed) are encouraged to invest in the strategic destinations and the government controlled national banks provide necessary capital support for the endeavours. As a result, the Chinese giants are easily out pricing the European and American competitors in certain markets. However, in a free democratic open market it is not possible for the government and the capitalist market to go hand in hand. For example, the Obama government in the USA cannot force the American corporations to invest in its strategic Southeast Asian markets unless the companies see value in it.

美国论文代写：工作协议

A). 琳恩很乐意与Kirk签订合同，完成甲板和园艺工作。Kirk除了材料费外，还要按小时收费。假设双方签订了一份合同以供考虑，琳恩有责任根据目前的劳动费率和材料向Kirk支付费用。如果琳恩在把订单交给安得烈叔叔之前撤销命令，她应该要求Kirk不要开始这项工作。因此，她没有显示通知Kirk关于撤销订单缺乏责任感，Kirk有权起诉琳恩和恢复挂起的700美元是由琳恩举起。

B）。安得烈主动提出做园艺工作，没有叫琳恩。在听取了安得烈的意愿后，琳恩同意给他这份工作，并承诺提供200美元的礼券。现在，这是给安得烈的一笔期票，不管工作的质量是不是他们口头交谈的一部分。他们没有法律约束自己的合同，但他们有口头协议，以一些考虑。然而，在这种情况下，安得烈不同意他为琳恩所做的工作的任何考虑，而200美元的礼券是琳恩的一个自愿承诺，他从未考虑过这项工作。因此，安得烈虽然有权得到琳恩许诺的200美元的礼券，但他无权要求她不支付礼券，因为这是琳恩自己提供的，不是安得烈要求的，也不是安得烈口头承诺或协议的一部分。安得烈没有资格获得200美元的礼券，因为它没有承诺和被她快乐的给予。

美国论文代写：工作协议

A). Lynne had willingly entered into a contract with Kirk to finish the deck and gardening work. Kirk was to charge her the going rate for labour on an hourly basis in addition to the material costs. Assuming that there was a contract that was signed by both for a consideration, Lynne had a responsibility to pay Kirk according to the current labour rate and materials. If Lynne was to revoke the order before giving it to her uncle Andrew, she should have asked Kirk to not start the work at all. Thus, as she did showed lack of responsibility in informing Kirk about the revoking of the order, Kirk has the right to sue Lynne and recover the pending $700 dollar that was held up by Lynne.

B). Andrew offered himself to do the gardening and was not called by Lynne. After hearing the willingness from Andrew, Lynne agreed to give him the job and also promised to offer a $200 gift voucher. Now, here is a promissory made to Andrew, irrespective of the quality of work done which was not part of their verbal conversation. They did not legally bind themselves by a contract, but they had a verbal agreement for some consideration. However, in this case, Andrew did not agree for any consideration for the work that he will do for Lynne, and the $200 gift voucher was a willing commitment from Lynne, without ever entering into a consideration for the work. So Andrew, though entitled to receive the $200 gift voucher as promised by Lynne, he is not entitled to take proceeding towards her for the non-payment of the gift voucher, as it was offered by Lynne herself and was not demanded by Andrew or a part of a verbal commitment or agreement by Andrew. Andrew is not entitled for the $200 gift voucher, as it was without commitment and being offered by her delightedness.

美国论文代写：企业的竞争优势

企业的竞争优势是基于一些可能使公司获得更好的利润，有形收入或其他形式的无形利润的因素来定义的。企业制定战略，以最大限度地发挥其竞争优势，并减少他们在竞争日益激烈的世界中可能面临的威胁。对于那些具有成本优势和差异性的企业，已经描述了两种类型的竞争优势。企业如何利用自己的资源和能力来满足一些关键的关键成功因素，将导致战略或失败的成功。虽然企业为了获得竞争优势而自我分化，但随着消费者群体的变化，或企业在考虑本地或国际扩张时，可能会面临挑战。企业将不得不应对这些挑战，以推动成功并使其业务可持续发展。这份报告是关于咖啡公司星巴克的。报告分析了星巴克在新闻媒体上提到的一些担忧。介绍了基于Fishbone，PEST，SWOT，关键成功因素，市场细分和VRIO的星巴克战略分析。这些策略强调了星巴克为什么要解决这个问题的重要性，以及星巴克为解决这个问题而提供的机会。因此，基于分析的建议是针对当前公司所关注的问题提出的。

星巴克是一家美国咖啡公司。它是以华盛顿州的西雅图为基础的，也是它的诞生地。公司被认为是全球最大的咖啡公司之一，在63个国家拥有21,160家店面。从1971年开始，这家公司成立为咖啡豆烘焙和零售商。目前有17000多个地点。西雅图的咖啡豆公司在1987年和2007年间在美国本土扩张，并在加拿大和东京建立了第一家外部商店。、

Competitive advantage for a business is defined based on some of the elements that might give the firm a better profit, tangible revenues or other forms of intangible profits compared to other firms. Businesses strategize in order to maximize their competitive advantage and also reduce the threats that they may face in a growing competitive world. Two types of competitive advantages have been described for firms which are that of cost advantage and differentiations. How the firms user their resources and capabilities to meet some of the key critical success factors will lead to a success in strategy or failure. While businesses do set themselves apart to gain competitive advantage it so happens that over time with change in consumer base or when the business considers local or international expansions, it might face challenges. The business will have to address these challenges in order to move forward successful and make their business sustainable. This report is about Starbucks, the coffee company. The report analyzes some of the concerns of Starbucks as noted in news media. An analysis of Starbucks strategies based on Fishbone, PEST, SWOT, Critical Success Factors, Market Segmentation and the VRIO are presented. These strategies highlight the significance of why Starbucks will have to address the problem and the opportunities that Starbucks can wield to address the problem. Hence based on the analysis recommendations are made for the contemporary concerns that are noted for the company.

Starbucks is an American coffee company. It s based out of Seattle in Washington which is also its place of inception.  The Company is considered to be one of the largest coffeehouse companies internationally and has more 21,160 stores in around 63 countries. Starting in the year 1971, this is a company that was established as a roaster and retailer for coffee beans. At present it has more than 17,000 locations. The Seattle coffee bean company as of the years 1987 and 2007 expanded locally within the United States and established its first outside store in Canada and then in Tokyo.

美国论文代写：中国企业治理

内幕交易激增：由于中国大多数企业是由国家拥有，无法交易的股份，大多数这些机构内部人士都很幸运，并为股票提供了财富。这个基本障碍广泛传播，股市被称为“无规则赌场”（Ho et al。2012）。然而，由于缺乏关于受托责任的知名概念，这个问题更加严重。而且，是因为“中华人民共和国法”的规定是以一周的方式执行的。
控制虚假财务披露的机制：企业制造的财务报告在中国被确定为极其严重的问题。即使采取措施改变已经容忍腐败的企业文化，会计职业，法院和媒体的薄弱环节也破坏了改革。
会计专业的管理水平相对较低（Abrami等，2008）。由于缺乏独立性，严重缺乏高素质的审计师。即使媒体在公司舞弊暴露方面取得进展，但新闻记者的招聘主要是受到公司高级官员影响的一个过程。
到2001年，证券诉讼没有出现在中国境内。这是中国最高法院关注发展投资者框架的（Ho et al。2012）。根据这一框架，上市公司因虚报财务披露而被起诉。但即使在这几年，这个过程也是麻烦而且很慢。
资本市场：最后，中国不断涌现资本市场不景气。这一特点是中国银行对国有企业的优惠待遇。进一步发展公司发行债券面临困难，债券和证券市场缺乏公司市场。

美国论文代写：中国企业治理

Rampant trading by insider: Due to the fact that majority of the enterprises of China are owned by the state, with shares that cannot be traded, insiders within most of these organizations were lucky enough and managed to make fortunes on offerings of stock. This basic obstacle is spread across widely that the stock markets had been termed as the “Casino without Rules” (Ho et al. 2012). However, the issue has been exacerbated due to the lack of a well known concept regarding fiduciary duty. Also, it is due to the fact that the provisions of the Chinese Law have been enforced in a week way.
Weak mechanisms for controlling false disclosure of finance: Financial reports being fabricated by corporations has been identified as an extremely serious issue within China. Even though steps are being initiated for changing the culture of business that have been tolerating corruption, weaknesses within the profession of accountancy, the courts, and the media undermining reforms.
The profession of accountancy has comparatively less level of independence from management (Abrami et al. 2008). Due to the lack of independence, it has been suffering from a serious scarcity of highly qualified auditors. Even though the media has been making progress in exposure of corporate fraud, hiring of journalists are mostly done by a process that is affected by senior officials of corporate.
Litigation of securities had not appeared within China until the year 2001. This was when the Supreme Authorities of Court of China had focused on the development of a framework for investors (Ho et al. 2012). According to this framework, listed companies were sued for losses that occurred by false disclosures of finance. But even in the current years, the process has been cumbersome and slow.
Immature markets of capital: Finally, it has been seen continuously that China is suffering from immature markets of capital. This has been characterized by the preferential treatment by Chinese banks regarding enterprises owned by state. Further ahead, difficulties are faced in issuing bonds of corporations, and the lack of an over the counter corporate market of debt and market of securities.

美国论文代写：估计市场份额

Ampleforth Abbey是苹果酒市场的品牌公司。多年以来，美味的口味一直在模仿客户。我们创造了一个市场立场和品牌。 Ampleforth Abbey制造的产品市场非常广泛，市场份额达40％。根据管理团队，假设新产品“干苹果酒”本身的市值将达到20-25％左右。与其他公司相比，Ampleforth Abbey的市场份额高得多。
因此，新产品，干苹果酒将具有放心的市场，并将在苹果酒行业中突显嗡嗡声。如果我们谈论苹果酒行业，其他公司现在的干果车销量相当高。在苹果酒行业提供的各种饮料中，干苹果酒一直是市场上最受欢迎的产品。目前大约一半的饮酒者喜欢除其他苹果酒产品以外还有苹果酒。因此，目前，干苹果酒是世界上最大和最受欢迎的苹果酒部门（Potter，2008）。
所有这些都清楚地表明，Ampleforth Abbey的干苹果酒在市场上占有很大的份额，在市场上占有很大份额。产品的成功得到保证，其效果将在很短的时间内被观察到。一开始我们就专注于在干苹果酒市场上占有20％的份额。这将继续增加，直到Ampleforth修道院干苹果酒完全利用了苹果酒市场。

美国论文代写：估计市场份额
Ampleforth Abbey is a brand company in the cider market. It’s delicious taste has been emulating the customers towards itself since years. We have created a market stand and the brand name. The product made by Ampleforth Abbey has a very wide market and has a total market share of 40 %. As per the management team, it is assumed that the new product ‘Dry Cider’ itself will be sufficiently having a market capitalization of around 20-25 %. In comparison to other companies the market share of Ampleforth Abbey is much higher.
Thus, the new product, the dry cider will have its assured market and will create a sudden buzz in the cider industry. If we talk about the cider industry, the present sales of dry ciders made by other companies are quite high. Out of all kinds of drinks which are available in the cider industry, dry cider has been the most popular product in the market. Around half of the drinkers in the present times are preferring still cider other than other cider products. Thus, at present dry cider is the largest and the most popular segment of ciders available in the world (Potter,2008).
All these things clearly indicates, a big run in the market for the Ampleforth Abbey’s dry cider and will have a good share in the market. The success of the product is assured and its effect will be observed in a very short time span. In the beginning we are focusing to have 20 % share in the dry cider market. This will continue to increase until Ampleforth Abbey dry cider completely capitalizes the still cider market.

美国论文代写：外国企业投资

有需要投资的外国企业对国内企业的经营活动，有利于国内企业不可能在没有外国企业在很大程度上，委内瑞拉的生产率增长（Velde，2006）。有大量的外商直接投资发生在委内瑞拉石油公司命名为委内瑞拉石油公司在排名前二十的非金融企业在外国资产清单考虑国外就业外，在2006年度公司。它是一家总部设在委内瑞拉的公司，持有83亿5400万美元的外国资产，并为2006年度以53亿7300万美元计的外国人提供就业机会。除此之外，它是由30个外国附属机构在2006年，如下表所示。下表还表明，该公司在2006年度持有的资产总额为外国资产的14%。国外就业总数的11%，就业的公司提供，外国子公司的数量占46%的公司的总公司在2006年度（沙汪，Maschek和麦考利斯特，2009）。
委内瑞拉的外国直接投资流入有所增加，因为公司的收入和公司内部贷款的再投资增加了。2011, 2012和2013年间拉丁美洲和加勒比的外国直接投资分别为2420亿美元、美元和5440亿美元。此外，流入拉丁美洲和加勒比的外国直接投资流量在2013年度增长了10%。下图显示拉丁美洲和加勒比的外国直接投资流入额为2010, 2011, 2012和亿美元，达2013美元。可以看出，与拉丁美洲和加勒比的前几年相比，2013年度的外国直接投资流入增加了（贸发会议，2014）。

美国论文代写：外国企业投资

There is a need of investment by foreign firms in the business activities of domestic firms as it facilitates growth in the productivity of domestic firms which is not possible in the absence of foreign firms to a large extent in Venezuela (Velde, 2006). There is a huge amount of inward foreign direct investment takes place in Venezuela as Petroleum Company named Petroleos De Venezuela is considered in the list of top twenty non-financial companies in terms of foreign assets, foreign employment and foreign affiliates in the year 2006. It is a Venezuela based company holding $ 8354 million foreign assets, and provides employment to foreigners which stood at $5373 million in monetary terms in the year 2006. In addition to this, it is composed of 30 foreign affiliates in the year 2006 as depicted in the following table. The following table also indicates that the company holds 14% of the total assets as foreign assets in the year 2006. The foreign employment was 11% of the total employment provided by the company and the number of foreign affiliates constitutes 46% of the total affiliates of the company in the year 2006 (Sauvant, Maschek and McAllister, 2009).
There was a boost in the inward FDI flows of Venezuela due to an increase in the reinvestment of the earnings and intra- company loans. FDI inflows in the Latin America and the Caribbean for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 are $ 242 billion, 250 billion and 294 billion respectively. Along with this, inward FDI flow to Latin America and the Caribbean has grown by 10% in the year 2013. The following graph indicates the FDI inflows in Latin America and the Caribbean in billion USD for the year 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. It can be seen that there is an increase in the FDI inflows in the year 2013 as compared to previous years in Latin America and the Caribbean (UNCTAD, 2014).

美国论文代写：妮维雅营销策略

妮维雅的目标市场在德国。妮维雅基本上是一个Beiersdorf的品牌，是一个德国的公司，因此这个品牌的重视在国。
人口
这里广告的产品是化妆品除臭剂。除臭剂被列为化妆品。除臭剂所使用的妇女在18岁以上组。在35 +组中可能不太受欢迎。这种化妆品是因此针对Y一代的主要是女性，也是职业女性要实惠的除臭剂日常使用。
心理
这个产品的心理大多是中等偏下的中产阶级女性收入45-75000美元。这是谁想要真正负担得起的除臭剂的女人。他们可以连接那些能给他们带来金钱价值的产品。他们也希望有一个产品，因为他们觉得更安全的使用历史悠久的产品已经有一段时间了。妮维雅既便宜又有历史，所以他们更喜欢它。
效益
谁想每天使用除臭剂的妇女构成了一大段和妮维雅除臭剂已经流传了很长一段时间没有太多的抱怨，因此对目标市场的收益率是好的。
使用率
使用率将是妮维雅或其他化妆品用户的主要百分比。这是因为几乎所有人都使用除臭剂，它是一个日常使用的产品，所以使用率会很高。

美国论文代写：妮维雅营销策略

The target market for Nivea is here in Germany. Nivea is basically a brand of Beiersdorf which is a German based company and hence this brand has much recognition in the country.
Demographic
The product being advertised here is that of cosmetic deodorant. Deodorants are classified as cosmetics. Deodorants are used by women in the age group of 18 and above. It might not be much preferred in the 35+ group. This cosmetic is therefore targeted for the Generation Y. It is mainly for women and is also for career women who want affordable deodorants for everyday use.
Psychographic
The psychographic for this product are mostly lower middle to middle class women earning 45-75000 USD. These are women who want really affordable deodorants. They can connect with products that will give them value for less money. They also want a product that has been around for some time as they feel more secure using a product with history. Nivea is both affordable and has history, so they will prefer it.
Benefit
Women who want deodorants for everyday use constitutes a large segment and Nivea deodorants have been in circulation for a very long time without much complaints and hence the benefit rate for the target segment is good.
Usage Rate
The usage rate would be a major percentage of the total Nivea or other cosmetic users. This is because deodorants are used by almost everyone and it is a daily use product, so the usage rate would be quite high.

美国论文代写：非营利组织

对非营利性领域的行为进行了各种方法的审查。过去的几十年里，一些反对志愿非政府组织的人提出了一些反对意见。行政资助协议的修改、项目的联邦化和大幅的预算削减已经使非盈利区域陷入了一种主要灾难的境地。矛盾的是，正是在那个时候，这类重大的修改被安排在研究人员和政府的非营利性区域(Lunenburg,F.C. 2011)上。统计调查评估了中国志愿人员参与的情况，报告了一个非营利部门在中国经济中的显著性。由于代表团和资金的修改，大量的NPOs在资金不足的情况下，正面临着越来越多的问题。政府和江苏省正在举办研讨会和会议，以确定如何协助自愿领域，并处理不同的问题(Alatrista,J。和Arrowsmith,j . 2004)。

研究的模糊性及其对间接影响的影响

Kvale,s和Brinkmann,美国在2009年位于混杂的结果,在文献中对非营利组织所有权可能被变化说明主要研究人员的基本注意事项有关的依赖变量的轮廓,与不确定的方法以及方便的形式导致金融行为预测主要区别在非营利组织和营利组织(菲利普斯,H。和菲利普斯，c . 2010)。同样,Bryman,。2011年，e . e .(e .)的研究表明，研究结果的变化主要来自于研究系统方法的变化。

2003年，美国经济研究中心的布拉德肖·林恩(Bradshaw Lynn)回顾了许多文献，在他们的研究报告中指出，行业内的竞争程度严重影响了盈利性组织和非营利组织对金融催化剂的敏感性;这两个领域的表现往往会因为积极的负担而联合起来;而且，盈利性和NPOs供应商的表现远比不相似。

美国论文代写：非营利组织

An assortment of methodical reviews of the conduct of the non-profit field has been carried out. The last few decades have been outlines by several objections for voluntary NGOs.  Modifications in administrative funding protocols, federalization of programs and sharp budget cut-offs have dropped the non-profit zone into a situation of main catastrophe. Paradoxically, it was at the time that such major modifications were scheduled that more consideration was focussed on the non-profit zone by researchers as well as governments (Lunenburg, F.C. 2011). Statistical surveys evaluating the involvement of the Chinese voluntary field reports how noteworthy a player the non-profit sector was in the Chinese economy.  Numerous NPOs, working on insufficient funds, were confronting rising issues as a result of delegation and funding modifications. The government and Jiangsu province were setting up seminars and conference to locate how to assist the voluntary field and deal with the varying matter (Alatrista, J., and Arrowsmith, J. 2004).

Vagueness of researches and its percussion on consequences of ignored circumstantial aspects

Kvale, S. and Brinkmann, S. in 2009 located that the miscellany of outcomes in the literature on NPOS ownership might be illustrate mainly by variation in researchers’ elemental considerations regarding the serviceable outline of the relying variables, with uncertain approaches along with handy forms contributing to forecast major differences in financial conduct among NPOs and for-profits (Phillips, H., and Phillips, C. 2010). Similarly, Bryman, A., and Bell, E. in 2011 affirms that variations in outcomes seem to take place chiefly from variations among studies’ systematic approaches.

Bradshaw Lynn, D. in 2003 reviewed many literatures that in their outlook reveal that the extent of competition in the industry drastically influences the sensitivity to financial catalysts of for-profit as well as non-profit organizations; that the performance of the two fields tends to unite as aggressive burden rise; and that the performance of for-profit and NPOs suppliers is far more comparable than dissimilar.

美国论文代写：公司风险分析

与相关的利益相关者协商分析并记录风险。
公司的风险必须与公司的利益相关者进行分类，以便对相关的利益相关者进行适当的风险评估。该公司可能有一个承包商的生产设施的发展，它可能会面临支付时间表的风险。员工们依赖于公司的成功运作，如果公司做得不好，他们的工作就有风险。保险代理人在保险员工、生产设施、公司管理人员等方面很重要，如果公司面临自然灾害，公司可能无法获得任何保险，也可能很难收回投资。当公司未能履行其承诺的薪酬和职业发展义务时，与公司有关联的企业管理人员可能处于亏损状态。由于市场呆滞，公司可能无法为经理提供一定的好处，因此经理们可能无法以奉献精神完成工作，并可能离开公司。
进行风险分类并确定风险程度
新国家管理风格不同的风险很大程度上是由于文化、人和行为的不同造成的。如果律师的努力涉及到识别所涉及的风险并用特殊的安全条款来消除公司的风险，那么法律和商业关系的风险就不太可能发生。人类活动和人力文化的风险可以分为可能的部分，因为不同的文化背景和固有的信念，但可以很容易地解决一个标准化的方法来对待员工的行为，以及每个人的行为举止。政治环境的风险是一个重要的和有效的分类是在肯定范畴因为当政府决定改变政策是不确定的，这可以在一个显着的方式对业务的影响（新闻记者，2009）。这种风险的后果是主要的，因为它影响整个行业。

美国论文代写：公司风险分析

Analyse and document risks in consultation with relevant stakeholders
The risk of the company has to be categorized with the stakeholders of the company to attach proper risks assessment to the relevant stakeholder. The company may have a contractor for the production facility development and it may be exposed to the risk of payments schedules. The employees are dependent on the running of the company in a successful manner and if the company fails to do well, their jobs are at risk. Insurance agents are important in insuring the employees, the production facility, the company managers, etc. and if the company faces a natural calamity it may not receive any insurance from the company and also may not recover their investments easily. The managers of the business that are associated with the company may be at a loss when the company fails to fulfil their obligations of promised salary and career development. The company may not be able to provide certain benefits to managers due to a dull market and thus the managers may not be able to do their job with dedication and may leave the company.
Undertake risk categorization and determine level of risk
The risk of the management style being different in the new country is most likely due to the differences of culture, the people and their behaviours. The risk of legal and commercial relationships may be less likely if the effort of the lawyers is involved in identifying the risks involved and eliminating it with special safe clauses that is able to reduce the risk on the company. The risk of human activities and manpower culture can be categorized in the segment of being possible, because of different cultural background and inherent beliefs, but it can be easily solved with a standardized approach to employee behaviour and how everyone is expected to behave and act. The risk of the political environment is one of the most important and impactful and is categorized in the almost certain category because when the government decides to change the policies is not certain and this can impact the business in a significant manner (Pressman, 2009). The consequence of this risk is major as it impacts the whole industry.

美国论文代写：民族平等

亚伯拉罕·林肯在演讲中谈到了白人对少数民族的不平等和不公正问题。国家只有在对农村少数民族作出贡献之前，才能真正实现发展。如果资源分配不均，那么像南方人这样的情况就会引起人们的注意，引发革命。许多人尤其是南方人的贡献是值得称道的是他们不选择保持中立（斯克鲁格斯，22）。这些贡献是值得赞扬的，因为革命中的大多数人都在同当时存在的心态作斗争。印第安人在战争期间充当战略家，在战争期间给予军事援助。所有这些团体都感到独立的美国需要在内战后变得更好。这场革命是关于大多数国家群体的公平正义的想法。参加革命的人不仅是军人或者军人，而且其他的人，像作家和诗人，也用他们的笔作为和平和繁荣的象征，在革命中做出了贡献。妇女的贡献可以突出，因为没有他们在战争中的贡献，这个世界就不可能让士兵在军队服役，同时也可以做饭和做其他重要的杂务。
妇女在家中或在战争中的重要性是重要的，这可以从妇女的贡献来看待。非洲人作出了重大贡献，因为他们中的大多数人在战争中提供志愿服务，其中大多数是奴隶和囚犯。他们觉得需要一个国家正义和平等将出现（斯克鲁格斯，89）。他们认为改变是必要的和重要的，只有我们可以改变形势的需要。我们团结一致，可以看到少数民族在内战中的贡献。今天形势逆转，人们很容易忘记这些人的贡献。现在正是美国人团结起来，为恐怖主义和其他存在的问题进行斗争的时候了。重要的是，全国所有的社区和少数民族团结起来反对歧视和不平等。

美国论文代写：民族平等

Abraham Lincoln addressed in the speech about the inequalities and injustice presented by whites over the minorities. Country can never achieve development in true manner until it makes contributions towards the minorities living in the country. Resources when not distributed equally then situations like southerners are observed that provokes people and they come up with a revolution. Contributions of many people especially southerners was commendable as they chose not to remain neutral (Scruggs, 22). These contributions were commendable as most of people in the revolution were fighting against a mindset that was present at that time. Indians served as strategists during the war and gave military assistance during the war. All of these groups felt the need of an independent America that was better after the Civil war. This revolution was about the idea of fairness and justice to most groups present in the country. People who participated in the revolution were not only soldiers or military people but other people like writers and poets also contributed in the revolution by using their pen as a symbol of peace and prosperity. Contribution of women can be highlighted because without their contributions in the war it world have impossible for the soldiers to serve in the military and at the same time cook and do other chores that are important.
Importance of women in home or in war is important and this could be viewed by the contributions given by women. Africans gave the major contribution because most of them were giving voluntary services in the war and most of them were slaves and prisoners. They felt the need of a country where justice and equality would be present (Scruggs, 89).They felt the need that change is necessary and important and only we can change our situation. United we stand can be stated after looking at the contributions of minorities in civil war. Today the situation is reversed and people have easily forgotten the contributions of these individuals. It is high time that Americans unite and fight for the cause of terrorism and other issues that are present. It is important that all of the communities and minorities in the country unite against discrimination and inequality.

美国论文代写：艾滋病毒计划

艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全球方案在2002年建立并实施，以维持世界银行的努力。全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病计划的主要解决方案是联合国艾滋病规划署（联合国艾滋病/艾滋病联合方案）合作伙伴的注意和评估工作。

世界范围内的艾滋病毒/艾滋病计划支持世界银行在其工作的所有部门建立艾滋病/艾滋病毒的意识方案。该计划正在积极工作：

银行的能力不断增强，对各国政府、公众社会和其他利益相关者的需求做出了反应；

它试图通过共享和扩大现有的艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识，并试图制定新的预防措施和方法来阻止疾病的传播。

艾滋病相关问题正试图通过研究艾滋病或艾滋病相关问题来提高对这一问题的宣传和监测质量。（世界银行，2002）

世界银行正在发挥重要作用，在此创建一个关于它的其他七个赞助商有关此问题的意识方案。1996年1月1日，联合国艾滋病规划署开始在多个领域扩展联合国对艾滋病的反应，并扩展到包括政府、非政府组织和私营部门在内的合资企业。八合作办学机构是联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF），联合国教育、科学及文化组织（教科文组织），联合国人口基金会（UNFPA）、世界卫生组织（WHO）、联合国国际药物管制规划署（署）、联合国开发计划署（UNDP），国际劳工组织（ILO）和最后世界银行扮演着关键role.1st十二月为世界艾滋病日。（彼得森，2003）

美国论文代写：艾滋病毒计划

The global programme of HIV or AIDS was created and conducted on 2002 to sustain the World Bank efforts. The main solution of the Global HIV/AIDS Program is to escort the noticing and assessment labours of UNAIDS (the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) partners at country level.

The programme of the worldwide HIV/AIDS supports the World Bank into all sectors in its labours to creating awareness programme on AIDS/HIV. The Program is actively working to:

The capability of the Bank’s has been strengthen and it has react to the needs of countrywide governments, public society and other stakeholders;

It tries to stop the spread of the disease by sharing and expanding the available knowledge on the HIV/AIDS and also it is trying to develop new precautions and approaches.

AIDS related issues are trying to develop the quality of campaigning and monitoring on this particular problem by working on the AIDS or HIV related issues. (worldbank, 2002)

World Bank is playing however important role in this to create an awareness programme on it among the other seven co sponsors related to this issue. On January 1, 1996, UNAIDS began its extension on United Nations reaction to HIV/AIDS on multi sectors, which has since extended to a joint venture inclusive of governments, NGOs, and the private sector. The eight co-sponsoring organizations are the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and lastly the World Bank who is playing key role.1st December considered as the World AIDS Day. (Petersen, 2003)

美国论文代写：中国股票市场

在中国股票市场的制度属性不同于其他民族的。中国股票市场的一个区别属性是两类股票是由组织发行的。A类股的人民币主导的交易在中国的公民，而B类股票在美元方面的交易为主，在那些非中国或外国的中国公民。这类股票的所有者是拥有平等权利的相关现金流和特权投票（morck1989）。然而，B类股票市场被称为是具有较少的流动性和主动性比股票市场类，这已经表明在平均成交量在B类股票市场被认为是一个第三比股票市场类这类型的不同的和独特的在院功能有助于提供额外的见解相对于投资者羊群行为之间的奥秘。这是关于其中的情况下，有可能发生在一个环境中有沉重的控制。由于地理位置和文化背景的不同，A类和B股类的股票投资者明显不同。在这两类投资者当中，出现羊群行为的机会较少。在世界贸易组织后的时期，在中国市场的全球投资者的投资机会将加息肯定（naik1995）。2002年，对中国当局已经宣布，计划是经过他们允许全球投资者购买股票类的一个类别，参与收购和兼并和接管在A股股票市场活动。这是已知的具体情况下，中国市场将在未来几十年的巨大的经济相关性。

美国论文代写：中国股票市场

The institutional attributes of the stock market in China are different from the ones of other nations. A differentiating attribute of the Chinese stock market is that two categories of shares are issued by organization. Shares of class A are the ones dominated in the RMB and traded amongst the citizens of China, while the shares of class B are the ones dominated in terms of US dollars, are traded amongst the citizens who are non- Chinese or foreign Chinese. The owners of both of these categories of shares are known to be having equal rights related to the flows of cash and privileges to vote (Morck1989). However, the share market of class B is known to be having less liquidity and activeness in comparison with the share market of class A. This has been indicated in the average value of turnover in the share market of class B that is known to be the one- third ratio of the share market for class A. This type of a different and unique feature in the institute contributes in providing extra insights with respect to the mystery of herding behaviour amongst investors. This is with respect to the circumstances within which, there might be its occurrence within an environment having heavy control. It is apparent that the share investors of class A and class B share categories are extremely different from each other due to the point of different in the geographical location and cultural background. There are fewer chances that there will be occurrence of herding behaviour simultaneously amongst these two categories of investors. In the post period of World Trade Organization, opportunities of investment for global investors in the market of China will hike definitely (Naik1995). In the year 2002, the authorities of China had made an announcement that plans are being made by them for allowing the global investors to buy shares from class- A category and for participating in acquisitions and mergers along with the activities of taking over in the share market of class A shares. This is known to be the specific case as the market of China will be of huge economic relevance in the decades to come.

美国论文代写：风险溢价

此外，风险溢价差异对于两年至五年的投资金额一年期的资本债券，仅具有微不足道的账面控制权。我们倾向于表明，短期声明权力有力地增加了替代知名的债券风险溢价分析器，如提前利率，大规模变量，未知问题，圆形因素，以及风险（Jiang，Yisong，2005）。尽管事实上，这些变量已经被提前知道预测债券风险溢价的延续完美，但它们在小范围内的风险溢价差异的结果中变化很小，甚至在少数情况下甚至有零预言权力（ Corsi，Roberto，2010）。
在我们研究短期债券风险溢价的时间序列之后，计算经验效应或结果的本能就会很清楚。债券风险溢价在几个地平线上表现出最显着的成本效益和货币危机区域的明显变化。这种模式与通常的变化明显完全不同，这是通过长期债券风险溢价所确定的太多年的时间（Demeterfi，Emanuel，Michael，1999）。奇怪的是，风险溢价差异与短期债券的差异表现出相同的差异。这在成本效益或货币危机之前急剧增加，所以再次下降。除此之外，习惯估计者就像CP问题一样表现出强劲的循环表现（Corsi，Roberto，2010）。其效果是短期与债券风险溢价的不相似之处，这与区域单位暂时性的成本效益不可能性相关（参见Bloom，2009），而不是在较高期限的债券风险溢价中可观察到的生产周期要素。在这篇文章中，对于一个具有随时间变化的有利可图的不确定性的实际和不重要数量的经济体的可能的合理化，正在增加Bollerslev，Tauchen和王朝（2009）的64000美元的不可能性模型，也是提出（Baele，Geert，2010）。

美国论文代写：风险溢价

Furthermore, the risk premium variance solely has insignificant statement control for two to five years capital bonds with a one year investment amount. We have a tendency to show that the short-term statement authority is vigorous to the addition of alternative well-known bond risk premium analysers like advance rates, large-scale variables, an unknown issue, a circular element, as well as variations in the risk (Jiang, Yisong, 2005). Despite the fact that these variables have antecedently been made known to forecast bond risk premia for extended perfection, they transform very little within the consequence of the risk premium variance at small horizons as well as it happens in a few cases even have zero prophetic authority (Corsi, Roberto, 2010).
The instinct for the calculated empirical effect or outcome gets a lot of clearness after we examine the time series of short term bond risk premia. Bond risk premia at a few horizon show signs of distinct variations in the region of the most significant cost-effective as well as monetary crises. This model is clearly completely different from the circular variations by means of a time taken too many years generally determined in long run bond risk premia (Demeterfi, Emanuel, Michael, 1999). Curiously, the risk premium variance shows an identical performance of variance as short-run bonds. This increases penetratingly ahead of cost-effective or monetary crisis so drops once more. In addition to that, the customary estimators just like the CP issue show a robust circular performance (Corsi, Roberto, 2010). The effect is that short-run dissimilarity in bond risk premia which is associated with cost-effective improbability that area unit transitory (see Bloom, 2009) instead of a production cycle element that is a lot of perceptible in bond risk premia of greater maturities. In this paper, a possible rationalization for this short-term sure thing in an economy with time-varying profitable uncertainty regarding actual as well as insignificant quantities that is increasing the $64000 improbability model of Bollerslev, Tauchen, and dynasty (2009) has also been proposed (Baele, Geert, 2010).

美国论文代写：市场垄断

问题1.解释何谓“市场力量”。简要介绍企业如何可能采取行动，以提高他们的市场力量

在经济方面，特别是在行业中，市场力量可以被称为公司的能力，以提高市场价格的产品或服务提供利润超过和超过边际成本。在市场竞争激烈的情况下，市场参与者不能行使市场力。一个拥有市场力量的公司将能够提高一个好的价格，而不必担心失去任何客户的竞争对手。那些拥有市场力量的人也被称为价格制定者。明显的时候，价格超过边际成本和平均成本从长远来看，给企业一个机会使经济利润 发生市场力量（“市场力量”，2015）。

企业为了提高市场势力，可能会沉迷于掠夺性定价或搭售产品。如果企业规模扩大，产量就会增加，从而降低生产成本。营销人员使用这种策略，以提高他们的市场力量。由于缺乏竞争，垄断市场往往具有最高的市场势力。

问题2.在哪些方面是垄断竞争和寡头垄断市场结构的不同吗？

寡占代表了一个市场结构，它包含少量的相对较大的业务实体，这使得其他公司进入的一个关键障碍。它与垄断竞争不同，它是由大量相对较小的企业组成的市场结构。垄断竞争下的特定行业应设在大城市，而寡头垄断则可以在小城镇看到。另一方面，垄断是一个市场结构，只有一个提供服务或产品的供应商。高价格垄断有竞争而温和的或公平的定价是在寡头垄断的市场竞争做的缺乏（diffen.com，2015）。

美国论文代写：市场垄断

Q.1 Explain what is meant by the term “market power”. Briefly describe how firms might act to increase their market power In economic terms and particularly in industries, market power can be referred to as an ability of the firm to increase the market price of a product or service provided profitably over and above the marginal cost. In case of perfect competition in the market, the market participants are not able to exercise the market power. A firm which has market power will be able to raise the price of a good without the fear of losing any customer to its competitors. Those who have the market power are also referred to as price makers. Market power occurs significantly when the price exceeds marginal cost and average cost in the long run which gives the firms a chance to make economic profits (‘Market Power’, 2015).

Firms may indulge in predatory pricing or product tying in order to increase their market power. If the scale of business increases, it leads to greater output which lowers the cost of production. Marketers use this strategy to enhance their market power. Monopoly market tends to have the highest market power due to the lack of competition.

Q.2 In what ways is oligopoly different to the market structures of monopolistic competition and monopoly?

Oligopoly represents a market structure which contains a small number of relatively large business entities which make a crucial barrier to entry of other firms. It is different from monopolistic competition which is a market structure consisting of large number of relatively small firms. A particular industry under monopolistic competition shall be located in a large city while oligopoly can be seen in a small town. On the other hand, Monopoly is a market structure where there is only one provider of service or a product. Higher prices can be charged in Monopoly as there is lack of competition whereas moderate or fair pricing is done for competition in the oligopoly market (Diffen.com, 2015).

美国论文代写：网络监管

中国的互联网审查可以被麦金农（2008）称为一个更厚的墙。西方媒体经常把中国的互联网审查描绘成不利于中国人民寻求民主和政治自由的追求。但从一个实现更紧密更冷静的方法的需要。互联网和博客可以成为政治变革的工具和媒介，但不完全是一个变化的原因，如谢弗（2006）和潘(2006) 和参考所引用的麦金农（2008）。神话，互联网可以是固有的，不可避免的和必要的增强和民主通过对那些缺乏政治权力是一个真正强大的人指出码头提供语音设备解放的工具（2011）。互联网不应被视为实现民主自由的一种自动手段，而只是作为一种媒介，帮助和煽动独裁国家的民主之旅。

需要注意的是，这样一个严格的互联网审查的国家有时被证明是适得其反，这种严格的审查有时鼓励讨论敏感话题在中国许多社会媒体网站指出吴（2014）。此外，中国的信息控制已被证明是徒劳的，在某些情况下，证明了经典的情况下，失败的镇压致命的2011温州火车事故和失败的2013镇压叛离报纸南方周刊。但当局也找到了规避中国网民的聪明方法。目前在推进他们的网上有效地挫败他们的观点的能力分别都聪明的中国网民和政府。

当局清理任何可疑材料互联网提出一个真正乐观和理想的图片作为发生在中国的2008北京奥运会的De Gruyter指出，世界（2011）。需要注意的是，它不仅是政治上敏感的内容，就是在这样的情况下删除，在任何方面有关中国或中国任何不利的评论被删除。举一个例子，在北京奥运会之前，一个网络论坛被关闭了，仅仅因为有人评论说昂贵的体育场正在修建，而大量的中国人处于贫困状态。

美国论文代写：网络监管

Chinese internet censorship can be as rightly dubbed by MacKinnon (2008) described as a flatter world with thicker walls. Often media in the west portrays Chinese internet censorship as being detrimental to the Chinese people’s quest for democracy and political freedom. But peeking more closely one realizes the need for a more sober approach. Internet and blogs can be a tool and medium for political change but not exactly a cause of change as noted by Schafer (2006) and Pan (2006) and as referenced by MacKinnon (2008). The myth that internet can be an emancipatory tool that is inherent and a device that inevitably and necessarily boosts democracy through providing voice to people who lack political power is a really strong one as pointed out by Warf (2011). Internet should not be presumed as an automatic means of achieving democratic freedom but only as a medium aiding and abetting the journey to democracy in authoritarian states.

It has to be noted that such a strict censorship of the internet in the country sometimes prove to be counterproductive as this strict censoring sometimes encourage discussion of sensitive topics on many social media sites in China as pointed out by Ng (2014). Also Chinese information controls have proved to be futile on some occasions as proved by the classic cases of the failure in suppressing the fatal 2011 Wenzhou train accident and the failed 2013 suppressing of the renegade newspaper Southern Weekly.  But the authorities have also found ways to circumvent the smartness of the Chinese netizens. Both smart Chinese netizens and the authorities have at present capabilities in advancing their views on the net effectively and thwarting them respectively.

The authorities clean up the internet of any dubious material to present to the world a really rosy and idealistic picture of China as happened before the 2008 Beijing Olympics as noted by De Gruyter (2011). It has to be noted that it is not only politically sensitive content that is removed under such scenarios, any adverse comment on any aspect pertaining to China or the Chinese is removed. To cite an example, before the Beijing Olympics, an internet forum was shut down simply because it carried a comment by someone pointing out that expensive stadiums were being built while large numbers of Chinese were in poverty.