美国论文代写：环境税
碳税是指燃料碳含量被迫使用的税收（Gupta，2007）。像天然气，石油和煤炭这样的碳氢化合物燃料具有大量的碳含量。每当它们被燃烧时，它们在大气中释放大量的二氧化碳。引入碳税，目的是通过各种成本有效的手段减少由于排放气体造成的温室效应（Holler，1991）。但事实是，碳税相当落后，影响了社会上的低收入群体。碳税的主要影响必须通过实施低收入群体的税收来解决。碳税的主要特点是（Nordhaus，2007）：
以化石燃料中碳含量增加的形式对直接税进行监管。
传达对降低大气中碳含量有重要意义的价格信号是非常有效和经济的方式。
必须以一定的方式结构化，以便通过将其传递给一般家庭来增加额外的成本影响。
公务员，经济学家，环境领导和市民大力支持中国税收。
与碳税相关的政府政策对于减少全球气候变化至关重要。打击消极的外部性是一个积极和进步的一步。
环境税：
这种方法对于调整负外部性的影响是很常见的。它与全球事件“污染者日的制作”有关。在这种税收政策中，生产和消费的私人税率增加，因为价格上涨，对外部性负增加的产品的需求减少（Robson，2009年）。最好的例子就是车辆进入繁忙的路线所征税。环境税最常见的形式是车辆消费税，塑料袋使用税，垃圾填埋税和拥堵费。
美国论文代写：环境税
Carbon tax refers to the tax that is forced on the fuels’ carbon content (Gupta, 2007).The hydrocarbon fuel like natural gas, petroleum and coal has the huge amount of carbon content in it. Whenever they are burnt, they release a significant amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. Carbon taxes are introduced with the aim of reducing the greenhouse effect due to the gas emission through various cost effective means (Holler, 1991). However, the fact is that carbon taxes are quite regressive and impacts the low income group in society. The major impacts of carbon taxes must be addressed by implementing the tax revenue for the lower income groups. The main characteristics of carbon tax are (Nordhaus, 2007):
It is regulated in the form of direct tax on the increased content of carbon in fossil fuel.
It is very efficient and economical way of conveying the price signals that are significant for reducing the content of carbon in atmosphere.
It must be structured in a way so that the additional cost impact can be softened by passing it to general households.
Carbon tax is strongly supported by public officials, economists, environmental leaders and citizens.
The government policies related to carbon tax are vital for reducing the global climate changes. It is a positive and progressive step to fight the negative externalities.
Environmental tax:
This approach is quite common for adjusting the impacts of negative externalities. It is associated with the worldwide event “making of polluters day”. In this taxing policy, the private tax rate of production and consumption is increased so that due to the increased prices the demand for the product that is a factor of increased negative externalities are reduced (Robson, 2009). The best example for this is the tax imposed on vehicle entering on a busy route. The most common form of environmental taxes is vehicle excise duty, tax on usage of plastic bags, the landfill tax and the congestion charges.
