美国论文代写：青铜器
商朝人民成功地组织了原材料和人力来完成这一壮举。这些城市大都以类似的方式组织起来。宫殿与寺庙一起矗立在中心，宫殿周围，矗立着公共建筑和高层官员的居民。城市郊区的特点是墓地，安置车间和工人的家园。
最高等级的阶级由国王和王室血统统治。贵族们练骑兵，戴青铜头盔和盔甲.。在他们下面是由工匠们组成的专门团体，特别是有青铜技能的工匠（常，1994）。工匠们的生活方式是不同的，农民。工匠的居民是由地面加盖的土楼，其中包含了几个房间，有时提供一个窗口。他们的家园比居住在社会阶层底层的农民的家庭要好得多.。
有学者认为商代是由奴隶社会组成的。还有人认为，农民是农奴，而不是奴隶。在任何情况下，有贵族和农民之间的巨大鸿沟。社会内部的摩擦一直是两极分化的社会的原因。由于社会分化，商商可以抵抗公元前1028年入侵商朝的周。
最早的青铜器标本被发现在二里头，在洛阳现代城附近的河南省。这个地方已经被一些考古学家认为最早的商朝首都，叫亳。有关于二里头对于无论是在商代和夏代城市争议。这座宫殿是由夯土创造了基础，简单的容器青铜制成，精美的翡翠，和甲骨文。一个城寨的痕迹被发现，这可能是在二里岗上的资本中。这个地方也被称为Ao。
美国论文代写：青铜器
The people of Shang have been successful in organizing the raw material and manpower in accomplishing this feat. The cities were mostly organized in a similar fashion. The palace stood in the center along with the temple, around the palace, stood the public buildings and the residents of high government officials. The outskirts of the cities were characterized by burial ground, housed workshops, and the homes of the workers.
The highest class ranks were dominated by the king and the royal lineage. The nobles practiced cavalry and wore bronze helmets and armour. Below them were the specialist groups made of the craftsmen, particularly the artisans having skills in bronze work (Chang, 1994). The artisans lifestyle was distinct that of peasantry. The residents of the artisans were made of ground stamped earth buildings, containing a couple of rooms and sometimes provided with a window. Their homes were better made than the residents of the peasants standing at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
There are scholars arguing the Shang dynasty was composed of a slave society. Others have argued that peasant were serfs, rather than the slaves. In any case, there was a gaping divide between the aristocrats and the peasants. The friction in the intra-society has been the cause of a polarized society. The Shang because of the societal divide could resist the Zhou, who invaded Shang in 1028 B.C.
The earliest exemplar of the bronze vessels has been discovered in Erlitou, in the proximity of the modern city of Luoyang in Henan province. This place has been opined by some archaeologists as the earliest capital of Shang dynasty, named Bo. There has been controversy regarding Erlitou with regards to whether it was city in Shang dynasty or the Xia dynasty. The palace was made of foundation created by the pounded earth, simple vessels made of bronze, fine jades, and oracle bones. The traces of a walled city had been discovered, which can probably be in the middle of Shang capital at Erligang. This place has also been referred to as Ao.
