本文主要是研究包豪斯建築的現代關聯性。包豪斯學派是建築、藝術和設計領域最重要的學派之一。它最初是由沃爾特·格羅皮烏斯在1919-1933年間創立的，最初的想法是表現主義。後來，隨著理性主義和建構主義的出現，這一觀念發生了變化。這些概念被認為是更大時期的機制，極大地影響了建築和學校的新風格。由於政治原因，包豪斯學派經歷了1919-1925魏瑪時期、1925-1932德紹時期和1932-1933柏林時期的三次運動。本篇論文代寫文章由美國論文人EducationRen教育網整理，供大家參考閱讀。
The Bauhaus was one of the most significant schools in the field of architecture, art and design. It was originally founded by Walter Gropius during 1919-1933 with the initial idea of expressionism. This has been subsequently changed with the concept of rationalism and constructivism in the later period. These concepts were considered to be the greater period of mechanism that greatly influenced the newer style of the architecture and school. Owing to the political issues, there were three movements of the Bauhaus, which happened in 1919-1925 Weimar periods, 1925-1932 Dessau periods and 1932-1933 Berlin period1.
The purpose of this analysis is to understand about the relevance of the Bauhaus in the modern times and to comprehend the ways in which they differ from the school’s approach and directions in the current times.
From 1919-1925, Grand Ducal School of Arts and Crafts in Weimar had paved the way for the foundation of the Bauhaus2. As the headmaster of the school, Walter Gropius released the Bauhaus Manifesto to show his core teaching concepts. This was to create a future that would have no boundary among architecture, sculpture and painting. All crafts were brought together to achieve this goal3. One of the most famous art pieces, Cathedral of the Future by Lyonel Feininger, was produced based on the idea stated in the Bauhaus Manifesto. This represented the main idea of expressionism, namely using arts to express the genuine part of one’s thoughts8. Choosing wood as the main material of this project was a more appropriate representational example for crafting this idea. This was owing to the fact that during this period carpenters prevailed over the country. As the project showed, the medieval cathedral was delicately carved with three bright and shiny stars above it. In order to have a great reflection of the manifesto, three stars respectively represented the painting, sculpture and architecture. This was found to express the idea of combination of craft elements. It was done by carving the lights connecting them with each other1. Furthermore, the medieval cathedral was a symbolic piece that indicated the kinds of art works which would finally be available in architecture with the spirit of teamwork.
Another important work was the Diagram of the Bauhaus Curriculum, which contained the main teaching principle and the approach of the Bauhaus before 1923. It was initially based on Gropius’s thought. However, later on greatly influenced by Johannes Itten, who helped Groupius to effectively develop the craft-based curriculum, students were firstly taught to understand the colour, shape and materials through the basic-training, namely the preliminary course9. They were encouraged to get rid of boundary of traditional European academic thought. It was the natural materials and abstract forms that inspired students to find their deep inner ideas8. Under the idea of expressionism, the students would create hand-craft art pieces with their true thoughts. Students also specialized in different kinds of hand craft works, such as metal working and weaving. It believes that the visual impact would be a way to inspire students’ ideas, and the colour wheel was created by Itten, which included specific contracts of colours10.
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