26/06/2019

essay代写:最大的幸福准则

essay代写:最大的幸福准则

总的来说,最大的幸福准则是伟大的,但它和其他所有道德框架一样,也有许多缺陷。因为一个人无法根据自己的活动准确地预测未来(接受未来是为了适应自己的活动);一个人渴望的结果可能会错过,以实现所期望的。万一没有预料到的因素导致一个人的大部分活动出错,尽管他一直试图按功利主义行事,他会被视为不道德的,因为他的行为只是带来痛苦。如果这发生在全世界的每个人身上,那么没有人可以被视为道德的。此外,最大幸福理论还允许人们伤害他人,前提是普通民众变得更加满足。人们可以简单地将资产从偏远小国转移到贫困地区,条件是个人获得的要多于失去的。例如,从功利主义的角度来看,如果普通人倾向于服从、骚扰、攻击、偏见和谋杀,那么这些都是可以被支持的。杀人犯可以通过谋杀那些与他们作对的人来为自己的行为辩护。如果他们的数量足够大,杀戮将会被认为是合乎道德的。最后,最大幸福规则摆脱了对政府规定的利用,只有当个人的行为扩大了广泛的效用,那么在这个过程中没有遵循多少法律是没有区别的。人们也可能在大街上高速行驶,为了满足而忘记了移动信号/标志,尽管已经定义了最高速度,但前提是很少有人在意,而其他大多数人只是想享受速度。

第二部分:义务论

康德的义务论认为“自然界的一切事物都是按照规则运行的。”然而,人与自然的不同之处在于,人可以通过自己的标准来表示。沿着这些思路,康德感知到个体的理性。在他看来,人类在制定“规章制度的起源”或标准方面是明智的。他们的智慧使他们知道道德规则的正确性,例如,“忠于义务”,并在好坏之间做出对比(“密尔的理论”,第390页)。

正如康德所言,美好的意志之所以伟大,并不在于它做了什么或产生了什么影响,而在于它本身的伟大。因为对善意的估计完全是在它自己的内部,所以即使它导致了对它产生巨大或可怕的影响,它仍然是伟大的。因此,积极的态度(善意)“本身就有其全部价值”,而“它的方便或无意义既不能促进也不能从这种价值中删除任何东西”。

essay代写:最大的幸福准则

The Greatest Happiness Rule as a rule is great, yet it has numerous defects like all other moral frameworks. Because of one’s powerlessness to accurately anticipate the future as per his activities (accepting the future is equipped for being adjusted with one’s activities); the outcomes one craves for might miss to achieve what was expected. In case, unanticipated factors lead to the greater part of one’s activities to go wrong, despite the fact that he had been trying to act as per Utilitarianism, he would be viewed as unethical as his acts just brought on agony. In case this happened to everybody in the whole world, then no one could be viewed as ethical. The Greatest Happiness theory additionally lets one to hurt other people, provided that the general populations get to be more content. One could simply lift assets from little remote nations and impel them to destitution on condition that more of individuals gain than lose. For example, as per Utilitarianism, subjugation, harassing, assault, prejudice, and murder could be supported if the common people incline towards it. Killers could defend their acts by just murdering ones who go against them. If their numbers turn out to be big, killing will get to be acceptable as ethical. Finally, the Greatest Happiness rule gets rid of the utilization of the regulations given by the govt. Only if the individuals’ acts expand wide-ranging utility, then it doesn’t make a difference what number of laws is not followed during the procedure. One might also move on high speed on streets and forget about the movement signals/signs for satisfaction, in spite of the maximum speed being defined, provided that very few of people care and other majorities just want to enjoy speed.

ESSAY 2: The theory of Deontology

The theory of Deontology by Kant states that “all things in natural world work as per regulations.” However, people contrast from different parts of nature in that people by themselves can as indicated by standards. Along these lines, Kant perceives the reasonability of individuals. According to him, Human beings are judicious in having an “origination of regulations,” or standards. Their wisdom empowers them to know the rightness of ethical rules, for example, “stay faithful to the obligations,” and to make out the contrast in the middle of good and bad (“Mill’s Theory”,Pg 390).

As per Kant, a good will is great not in light of what it does or impacts, rather it is great in itself. Since the estimation of a good will lies completely inside itself, it is still great even if it leads to something which is either a great or an awful impact on it. The positive attitude (good will) then “has its entire worth in itself,” and “its convenience or pointlessness can neither promote nor remove anything from this worth.”

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